Jiang Jixi,styled Pingnan and active in the Kangxi and Yongzheng reigns (1661-1735), was a native of Changshu and younger sister of Jiang Tingxi, painter and sub-chancellor of the Grand Secretariat in the Qing dynasty. Besides admiring and copying the rich painting and calligraphy collection of her family from childhood, she often observed flowers, trees and rocks in nature and discussed about painting theories with and learned painting techniques from her father and brother. With good grounding and open views, she was after artistic changes. As an extensive learner, she borrowed the outline and wash method of Ma Quan and boneless method of Yun Shouping. At the same time, she ingeniously absorbed the chiaroscuro technique of the West from her brother. Her works strive for careful, realistic and vivid artistic mood.